Global Headlines | World News Roundup – 28 November 2025 | GLOBAL NEWS DISCOVER: Discover 24/7 Global News, Politics, Economy, Current Affairs, GK and Study

Global Instability: A Day of Converging Crises—$2 Trillion Frozen, Climate Threshold Breached, and Geopolitical Escalation

November 28, 2025

The global operating environment on November 28, 2025, was characterized by a dangerous convergence of kinetic escalation, financial infrastructure fragility, and a demonstrable failure in global environmental governance. Across continents, markets navigated technical failures and light holiday volumes, while major geopolitical and public health strategies faced systemic disruptions and controversy.

SECTION I: FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SHOCK AND MARKET VOLATILITY

A. CME Outage Freezes Over $2 Trillion in Crypto-Linked Futures

The most disruptive moment for institutional crypto markets this year occurred when the CME Group, one of the world’s most important derivatives exchanges, halted trading across all markets. This stoppage was caused by a cooling malfunction at its CyrusOne data centers.

The incident instantly froze over $2 trillion in crypto-linked futures in open interest, disrupting contracts that institutions rely on for hedging and price discovery.

Impact on Derivatives: The interruption hit every futures and options contract on the Globex electronic platform, including Bitcoin (BTC) and Ethereum (ETH) futures, which stopped printing fresh prices. BTC futures open interest regularly exceeds $6–10 billion, and ETH futures open interest often sits between $1.5–3 billion. For institutions that rely on CME products for regulated exposure, the freeze meant no ability to roll positions, hedge intraday risk, or adjust basis trades. Options were also frozen, interrupting market-making activity tied to implied volatility curves.
Arbitrage and Automation Breakdown: Arbitrageurs operating between CME and offshore markets were caught unawares. Frozen CME prices meant spread models were broken, turning delta-neutral trades directional without warning. Derivatives desks reported manually shutting off automated trading systems to prevent exposing themselves to mispricing.
Volatility Surge and Fragmentation: As traders scrambled for alternative liquidity, offshore platforms like Binance, OKX, and Bybit saw sharp increases in order flow within 20 minutes of the CME stall. Spreads widened, signaling stress placed on crypto markets when a major price reference suddenly disappears. Within 30 minutes, Bitcoin’s spot price briefly whipsawed as liquidity routed offshore, illustrating how dependent the crypto ecosystem has become on CME’s institutional rails. BTC volatility jumped about 7% on major exchanges, and ETH order books showed temporary dislocations in mid-price quotes.
Systemic Risk: This failure, caused by a localized physical infrastructure problem—a cooling failure—rather than a software bug or cyberattack, underscores that the most immediate threat to highly centralized financial markets is tied to mundane maintenance and physical redundancy. CME Group fell 0.7% in early trading following the news.

B. Global Equities and Commodity Flows

Global markets traded mixed on light holiday volume, influenced by the U.S. Thanksgiving holiday and the shortened trading session on Wall Street.

1. U.S. Equity Performance

U.S. stocks opened with small gains on the final trading day of November.

The S&P 500 rose 0.2% to 0.3%. The S&P 500 was trying to avoid its first monthly loss since April.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 66 points to 124 points. The Dow was up almost 3% week to date.
The Nasdaq Composite gained 0.4%. However, the Nasdaq remained down nearly 2% for November, ending a seven-month winning streak, as investors questioned the profitability timelines for major AI companies.
Notable stock movements included Coinbase Global adding 2.2% as Bitcoin rose above US$92,000. Google parent Alphabet rose 1.8%, and Micron Technology added 2.1%. Airline stocks, including Alaska Air, United Airlines, and JetBlue Airways, outperformed, supported by projections of the busiest Thanksgiving travel weekend in 15 years.

2. Overseas and European Markets

Overseas markets showed broad consolidation.

Asia-Pacific markets delivered mixed results. Japan’s Nikkei 225 closed 0.2% higher, reinforced by strong monthly performance and benefiting from steady inflows into export-heavy sectors. South Korea’s Kospi dropped 1.5% amid renewed pressure on large-cap technology companies and a 4% fall in industrial production. Hong Kong and mainland China markets posted small declines.
European Equities saw a slight pullback, reflecting mild consolidation after a strong rally. Germany’s DAX, Britain’s FTSE 100, and France’s CAC 40 each rose about 0.2% in early trading. This positive monthly performance was fueled by growing confidence that major central banks may be starting a global interest rate-easing cycle.

3. Commodity Market Movements

Commodity markets reflected policy influence and logistical pressures.

Precious Metals: Silver futures surged by ₹1,093 or 0.67% to trade at ₹1,63,560 per kilogram on the Multi-Commodity Exchange (MCX). This rally, along with gold, was driven by firm global trends and growing expectations that the US Federal Reserve will deliver a rate cut next month.
Energy: Crude oil prices jumped in futures trade. On the MCX, crude oil for December delivery traded higher by ₹7 or 0.13% at ₹5,297 per barrel. Globally, West Texas Intermediate crude traded 0.73% higher at $59.08 per barrel, while Brent crude slipped to $62.70–$63.57 per barrel.
Industrial Metals: Prices for industrial metals rose. Copper futures advanced 0.28% to ₹1,023.55 per kilogram due to higher spot demand. Zinc prices rose by ₹1.80 to ₹300.90 per kilogram. Aluminium prices increased by ₹1.25 to ₹271.70 per kilogram.
Agricultural Grains: Grains showed "some momentum". March corn was up 1¾¢ at $4.47 per bushel, and January soybeans were up 2¢ at $11.33½ per bushel. This momentum was linked to logistical issues expected from an impending snow storm, the sale of soybeans, and firm ethanol plant margins.

SECTION II: GEOPOLITICAL ESCALATION AND DIPLOMATIC FRONTS

A. US Policy: Venezuelan Intervention and Immigration Crackdown

Geopolitical tension in the Western Hemisphere reached an inflection point with statements from President Donald Trump.

Venezuela Intervention: Following airstrikes, President Trump announced that U.S. "land action" against Venezuelan drug networks is coming "soon". This expanded kinetic deployment is being weighed under the auspices of counter-narcotics operations.
Immigration Clampdown: This assertive foreign policy coincided with an intensified focus on domestic security following the shooting of two US National Guard soldiers near the White House on Wednesday. Specialist Sarah Beckstrom, 20, died of her injuries. The alleged shooter, 29-year-old Afghan national Rahmanullah Lakanwal, is in custody and is being investigated by the FBI on an "act of terrorism" charge.
Policy Shift: This incident directly fueled the administration's intent, stated in a Thanksgiving pledge on Truth Social, that the U.S. will "permanently pause migration from all Third World Countries". This move also included ordering a full reexamination of all Green Cards, with new USCIS vetting rules enforcing stricter scrutiny of immigrants, especially from 19 "high-risk countries". UN officials have urged the U.S. to keep asylum processes open.

B. China’s Diplomacy and Strategic Stances

China’s Foreign Ministry Spokesperson, Mao Ning, held a regular press conference, addressing major diplomatic issues.

China-Russia Security Consultation: Wang Yi, Director of the Office of the Central Commission for Foreign Affairs, will travel to Russia from December 1 to 2 for the 20th round of China-Russia strategic security consultation. The aim is to implement common understandings reached between the two countries’ presidents, discuss international and regional issues, and strengthen communication on strategic security interests.
Opposition to Venezuela Sanctions: Mao Ning explicitly stated that China opposes unilateral sanctions that have no basis in international law or UN Security Council authorization, and opposes the interference of external forces in Venezuela’s internal affairs under any pretext. China called on the U.S. to lift the "illicit unilateral sanctions".
Taiwan and the San Francisco Treaty: The spokesperson reaffirmed China's consistent position that the 1951 "Treaty of San Francisco" is "entirely illegal and null and void" because it was issued without the participation of the People’s Republic of China or the Soviet Union. China has never accepted the treaty. China also criticized Japan’s Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s "erroneous remarks" on Taiwan, calling them interference in China’s internal affairs that endanger peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait.
Space Race: Responding to U.S. President Trump’s claims of the U.S. being ahead in the space race, Mao Ning stated that China is committed to the peaceful use of outer space, opposes any arms race or weaponization of space, and has no intention to engage in a space race with any country.
Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy: The 2025 Edition of the Study Outline on Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy was published, systematically elaborating on the theoretical quintessence and rich practice of China’s diplomacy, serving as an authoritative guide. Guided by this thought, China’s diplomacy advocates for an equal and orderly multipolar world and universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization.

SECTION III: AFRICAN INSTABILITY AND REGIONAL DIPLOMACY

A. Guinea-Bissau Military Takeover

Guinea-Bissau was immersed in political chaos following a military takeover days after closely contested presidential elections.

Coup and Appointment: Soldiers seized power on Wednesday, November 26, 2025. On Friday, the new military leader, Gen. Horta Inta-a, appointed Finance Minister Ilídio Vieira Té as prime minister. Vieira Té is a close ally and campaign director of the deposed President Umaro Sissoco Embaló.
Contested Coup Narrative: The opposition claimed the coup was "fabricated" by deposed President Embaló to avoid an election defeat, asserting the takeover was manufactured to disrupt election results.
Aftermath: Calm returned to the capital, Bissau, after the High Military Command lifted the curfew. The deposed President Embaló arrived in neighboring Senegal on Thursday via a Senegalese-chartered flight.
International Response: The West African regional bloc ECOWAS suspended Guinea-Bissau from its decision-making bodies until the restoration of full constitutional order. ECOWAS reserves the right to use all options, including sanctions, and is sending a mediation team led by its chair. The country’s persistent instability is structurally linked to its role as a hub for drug trafficking between Latin America and Europe, which experts say fuels its political crises.

B. Somalia’s Strategic Pivot to Ethiopia

A significant diplomatic shift is unfolding between Somalia and Ethiopia, reversing three decades of strained and often contentious relations since 1991.

Key Departures: The diplomatic pivot is evidenced by Somali President Hassan Sheik’s participation in the official inauguration ceremony of the Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) project in September 2025.
Positive Endorsement: In an October 2025 interview, the Somali President commended the GERD as a developmental model for regional economic cooperation. Critically, he also affirmatively endorsed Ethiopia’s quest for Red Sea access as a legitimate cause that needs to be addressed.
Strategic Context: Ethiopia’s foreign policy is guided by its "Two Waters" strategy, addressing dual national security concerns regarding equitable Nile utilization (GERD) and secure maritime access (Red Sea). Somalia, by supporting Ethiopia on these concerns, enhances its diplomatic credibility and can act as a bridge-builder, potentially neutralizing pressure from belligerent countries. This pivot marks a shift from traditional lack of trust to a new approach of mutual trust and cooperation.

SECTION IV: CLIMATE, HEALTH, AND PUBLIC TRUST CRISES

A. Climate Emergency Confirmed: 1.42°C Anomaly

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released its State of the Global Climate Update for COP30 (Conference of the Parties in Belém, Brazil).

Record Heat: The report confirms that the past 11 years (2015-2025) are set to be the warmest on record.
Critical Threshold: The global mean temperature for January-August 2025 reached $1.42 ^{\circ}\text{C} \pm 0.12 ^{\circ}\text{C}$ above pre-industrial levels. This alarming figure places the world critically close to breaching the $1.5 ^{\circ}\text{C}$ limit of the Paris Agreement.
Other Indicators: Concentrations of heat-trapping greenhouse gases and ocean heat content continued to rise in 2025. Arctic sea ice extent after the winter freeze was the lowest on record.
Consequences: Extreme weather events through August 2025—including devastating rainfall, flooding, brutal heat, and wildfires—had cascading impacts on lives, livelihoods, and food systems, contributing to displacement. The European Commission formally acknowledged that COP30 fundamentally "fell short of expectations," particularly regarding a mandatory phaseout of fossil fuels, confirming a governance crisis.

B. Global Health Shifts and Controversies

Global health efforts were marked by new guidelines and internal turmoil.

WHO Infertility Guideline: The World Health Organization (WHO) issued its first-ever global guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infertility. Infertility is estimated to affect 1 in 6 people of reproductive age worldwide, labeling it a major public health challenge and equity issue. The guideline promotes integrating fertility care into national health strategies and emphasizes psychosocial support. WHO noted that a single round of in vitro fertilization (IVF) can cost double the average annual household income in some settings, resulting in catastrophic financial expenditures.
PEPFAR Negotiations Exclusion: The global HIV response is being weakened by decisions this week. Advocacy partners report that community groups are being systematically excluded from negotiations for new five-year PEPFAR Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) as part of the new U.S. government’s "America First" global health strategy. This is a direct reversal of the community engagement model that has defined the success of PEPFAR for decades.
Data Concerns: The new framework requires partner countries to share pathogens and patient data, potentially with U.S. commercial interests, without guaranteed assured access to resulting products or sufficient privacy safeguards. Sidelining communities threatens the effectiveness and legitimacy of the next phase of the HIV response.
Global Fund Shortfall: Donors pledged just over $11 billion at the Global Fund’s 8th Replenishment, which was well short of the $18 billion target needed to fully harness scientific advances against HIV, TB, and malaria. This shortfall threatens the speed, scale, and equity of the rollout of innovations like long-acting HIV prevention.
US Public Health Turmoil: Major disruptions continued at the US CDC and NIH. The CDC abruptly ordered an end to all non-human primate research, including critical macaque studies supporting HIV prevention science. Additionally, the US administration announced it will no longer commemorate World AIDS Day (December 1).

SECTION V: DOMESTIC AND REGIONAL INDIAN UPDATES

A. Weather and Air Quality

Cyclone Ditwah: Severe weather alerts are in effect across Tamil Nadu and Puducherry as Cyclone Ditwah approaches. Ditwah is set to bring extremely heavy rain to Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, and south Andhra Pradesh, with coastal districts bracing for landfall on November 30. Pune’s winter chill has eased, with days and nights becoming marginally warmer, as Cyclones Senyar and Ditwah disrupted cold northerly winds.
Pollution Crisis: Delhi’s air quality dipped to the ‘very poor’ category, with multiple stations logging above-400 AQI. The air quality is likely to remain 'very poor' over the coming week.

B. Political and Development News

Putin’s Visit: Russian President Vladimir Putin is scheduled to visit India on December 4-5, 2025, which offers an opportunity to review the "entire spectrum" of the "special and privileged strategic partnership" between the two countries.
Simultaneous Elections: The 23rd Law Commission is leaning toward the view that the proposed Bills for simultaneous elections to the Lok Sabha and State and Union Territory Assemblies do not disturb the basic structure of the Constitution and do not require ratification by states.
Supreme Court Suggestions: The Supreme Court suggested that an autonomous body "free from influence" oversee social media platforms to regulate online content, possibly using Aadhaar or Income Tax PAN to verify user age.
Ram Statue: PM Modi unveiled a 77ft-tall bronze Ram statue in South Goa and hailed the role of Karnataka’s Udupi region in the Ram Janmabhoomi movement.
Voter Revision (SIR): The Election Commission of India (ECI) is undertaking a Special Intensive Revision (SIR), a large-scale verification exercise involving house-to-house enumeration to clean the voter rolls. This work pressure is causing issues, with teachers on SIR duty leading to students in Noida & Greater Noida paying the price as classes are merged. In West Bengal, three senior EC officials are camping in Kolkata to oversee the SIR exercise.

Conclusion: Systemic Challenges Demand Systemic Solutions

The global snapshot of November 28, 2025, reveals that major global systems—from financial markets to climate governance and humanitarian aid—are being tested simultaneously. The fact that a cooling malfunction could freeze $2 trillion in global derivatives trading highlights that the most basic physical vulnerabilities pose immediate, high-impact risks to digital finance. Coupled with the accelerating climate crisis, evidenced by the WMO's alarming $1.42 ^{\circ}\text{C}$ temperature anomaly, and the shift toward exclusionary, politically driven health aid, the path forward demands radical systemic re-evaluation, rather than reliance on traditional policy levers.

This convergence of crises is like a vast, complex machine where a single, mundane failure—a cooling system breakdown in a data center, or a diplomatic breakdown in a region like Guinea-Bissau—can cascade into systemic instability, demonstrating how deeply interconnected and simultaneously fragile the world's most critical infrastructures have become.

Key Global Headlines

US Immigration Crackdown: President-elect Trump vows a "permanent pause" on migration from "third world countries" following the fatal shooting of a National Guard member in Washington, D.C., sparking international concern over asylum policies.
Hong Kong Tragedy: Death toll from a massive apartment fire rises to 128, with eight more arrests amid scrutiny of building safety standards.
Ukraine Turmoil: President Zelensky's chief of staff resigns after an anti-corruption raid, as Russia sentences attackers in Crimea bridge case and escalates threats in peace talks.
Middle East Tensions: Israeli raid in Syria kills 13; Pope Leo XIV visits Turkey and Lebanon to promote Christian unity and regional peace.
African Instability: Military coup in Guinea-Bissau sees general sworn in as leader; 24 kidnapped schoolgirls freed in Nigeria.

Regional Snapshots

Europe: Hungary's Viktor Orbán meets Putin in Moscow, defying EU allies, while UK-EU defense talks collapse.
Asia-Pacific: A Tokyo court upholds Japan's same-sex marriage ban, bucking local trends; China halts youth exchanges with Japan over Taiwan disputes.
Africa & Middle East: Ongoing coups and releases signal fragile stability, with Iran's women increasingly defying hijab mandates amid protests.

Comprehensive Overview of Global Events on November 28, 2025

As the world navigates a landscape marked by escalating geopolitical frictions, humanitarian emergencies, and policy pivots, November 28, 2025, emerges as a day of stark contrasts—from diplomatic overtures in the Middle East to crackdowns on dissent in multiple regions. This report synthesizes reporting from leading international outlets, providing a detailed examination of the day's most significant stories. Drawing on verified accounts, it covers major conflicts, political maneuvers, and societal shifts, while noting the interconnectedness of these events in an increasingly volatile global order.

United States: Immigration Policy Overhaul Amid Security Fears

The U.S. dominated headlines with President-elect Donald Trump's post-Thanksgiving declaration of a "permanent pause" on migration from "third world countries," framed as a response to national security threats. The announcement followed a tragic shooting in Washington, D.C., where 20-year-old National Guard member Sarah Beckstrom succumbed to injuries from an ambush near the White House; a second guardsman remains in critical condition. The suspect, an Afghan national, was detained with multiple electronic devices seized, prompting a broader review of green cards from 19 "countries of concern."

UN officials urged the U.S. to preserve asylum processes, warning of potential humanitarian fallout. Critics, including human rights advocates, decry the rhetoric as inflammatory, while supporters cite it as essential for border integrity. This move aligns with Trump's campaign promises but risks legal challenges and strained alliances, particularly with nations in Latin America and Africa. Economic implications loom large, as labor shortages in key sectors could intensify if implemented.

Asia: Devastation in Hong Kong and Judicial Setbacks in Japan

Hong Kong reeled from its deadliest fire in nearly eight decades, with the toll climbing to 128 confirmed deaths and over 200 missing in a blaze that engulfed a high-rise in the Tai Po district on November 26. Eight additional arrests were made today by the city's anti-corruption body, focusing on lapses in renovation safety—particularly the use of traditional bamboo scaffolding, now under intense scrutiny. Survivors and families demand accountability, questioning how such a catastrophe unfolded in one of the world's most affluent cities. The incident has prompted emergency reviews of building codes across Asia's megacities.

In Japan, a Tokyo court ruled that the country's same-sex marriage ban remains constitutional, dealing a blow to equality advocates despite favorable rulings elsewhere in the nation. The decision, reported amid rising public support for reform, underscores persistent cultural divides. Separately, tensions with China escalated as Beijing froze youth exchange programs following comments on Taiwan by Japanese official Sanae Takaichi, signaling deepening diplomatic rifts.

Europe: Fractured Alliances and Digital Threats

European news highlighted fractures in unity. Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orbán defied EU partners by meeting Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow, where discussions centered on boosting Russian oil and gas supplies to Hungary—moves praised by Putin as "balanced" on Ukraine. This comes as Britain announced the collapse of talks to join an EU defense fund, complicating post-Brexit security cooperation.

France's President Emmanuel Macron unveiled a voluntary military service program to counter "accelerating global threats," aiming to recruit 100,000 youths annually. In Russia, authorities threatened a full ban on WhatsApp for non-compliance with data laws, escalating digital controls. Poland detained five suspects—two Ukrainians and three Belarusians—on espionage charges, attributing them to Russian destabilization efforts.

Ukraine-Russia Conflict: Resignations, Sentencings, and Escalation

The war in Ukraine intensified with domestic and international ripples. Andriy Yermak, President Volodymyr Zelensky's long-serving chief of staff, resigned following an anti-corruption raid on his home and office—part of a broader probe into officials' wartime conduct. This comes amid a 12-year-old girl's death from a Russian strike in Ternopil, pushing civilian casualties higher.

Russia sentenced eight individuals to life imprisonment for the 2022 Crimea bridge attack, a symbolic escalation. Putin commented on a U.S.-backed peace plan, suggesting it could form a basis for talks but vowing to seize land by force if Kyiv refuses withdrawals. In Kherson, Russian FPV drones have turned urban areas into what locals call a "human safari," targeting civilians indiscriminately. Separately, a Ukrainian suspect in the Nord Stream pipeline sabotage was placed in German custody after extradition from Italy.

Middle East and Africa: Raids, Releases, and Ecumenical Outreach

Israeli forces killed at least 13 in a raid on southern Syria's Beit Jinn village, targeting militants but condemned by Damascus as a "war crime." In Gaza-related developments, Israel identified deceased hostage Dror Or, returned by Hamas, with two more bodies still held. Pope Leo XIV's first foreign trip—to Turkey and Lebanon—saw him join Eastern and Western patriarchs at a historic Christian site, praying for unity on the 1,700th anniversary of the Council of Nicaea.

In Africa, Guinea-Bissau's political crisis deepened as a general was sworn in as transitional president after a coup, with ousted leader Umaro Sissoco Embaló fleeing to Senegal; the UN condemned the move and called for constitutional restoration. Positively, 24 schoolgirls kidnapped in northwestern Nigeria were freed, though security challenges persist. In Tunisia, dozens of opposition figures received prison terms in a trial decried as politically motivated.

Other Notable Developments

Iran's Shifting Norms: In Tehran, more women are openly forgoing the mandatory hijab, a trend linked to 2022 protests and regional conflicts, observed during an AP journalist's visit.
Russia's Crackdown: Moscow outlawed Human Rights Watch as an "undesirable organization," intensifying suppression of dissent.
Global Oddities and Warnings: Scientists confirmed lightning on Mars via recordings, a first. In Myanmar, the UN warned of AI-driven voter surveillance ahead of elections. Spain reported its first African swine fever case in 30 years, threatening pork exports to China. Three cyclones battered Asia, causing floods and rising deaths.
Europe's Legal Echoes: Northern Ireland dropped charges against two Romanian teens in a case that sparked anti-immigrant riots, highlighting migration tensions.

Region	Top Headline	Key Impact
North America	Trump migration pause post-DC shooting	Potential asylum crisis; UN backlash
East Asia	Hong Kong fire deaths hit 128	Building safety reforms; 200+ missing
Eastern Europe	Zelensky aide resigns after raid	Ukraine governance scrutiny
Middle East	Israeli Syria raid kills 13	Escalated cross-border tensions
West Africa	Guinea-Bissau coup; general installed	Regional instability; UN condemnation
Western Europe	UK-EU defense talks fail	Post-Brexit security gaps
South Asia	Japan upholds same-sex ban	Equality movement setback
Southeast Asia	China-Japan youth exchanges frozen	Taiwan dispute escalation

This table captures the breadth of today's reporting, emphasizing immediate consequences and cross-regional links, such as how U.S. policy echoes European migration debates.

In summary, November 28, 2025, reflects a world at inflection points: from policy shocks in Washington to grief in Hong Kong, and fragile hopes in ecumenical gatherings. Ongoing monitoring of these stories is essential, as they portend shifts in alliances, economies, and human rights landscapes.

🌍 World News Daily Briefing

Friday, November 28, 2025

🚨 Top Story: Post-COP30 "Belém Package" Analyzed

While the COP30 summit in Belém, Brazil, officially concluded last week (Nov 10–21), the geopolitical fallout dominates today's headlines.

The "Belém Political Package": Analysts are dissecting the newly released text, which UN Climate Change Executive Secretary Simon Stiell defended in his closing remarks. Stiell emphasized that despite "stormy political waters" and geopolitical divisions, international climate cooperation remains "alive and kicking."
Global Reaction: India has reaffirmed its commitment to the Paris Agreement goals, highlighting its reduction in emission intensity. Meanwhile, heavy criticism continues from small island nations regarding the speed of the "Baku to Belém" roadmap for climate finance.